Solaris
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Solaris | |
---|---|
First edition cover | |
Country | Poland |
Language | Polish |
Genre(s) | science fiction |
Publisher | MON |
Publication date | 1961 |
Preceded by | Return from the Stars |
Followed by | The Invincible |
Solaris is the most famous of Lem's novels. It has been reviewed many times in various countries and languages. It belongs – probably as no other Polish literary work – to the core of its genre, to the canon: this novel about contact with aliens cannot be omitted in discussions of world science fiction. Why has „Solaris” achieved this status? Probably because the book not only presents the most original vision of the alien world known to science fiction, but in the most interesting and emotional way presents the drama of cognition and its entanglement in literature, in telling stories that is so inseparable from human culture.
Along with Eden, The Invincible and Fiasco, Solaris is considered a part of the "quadrilogy" dealing with the impossibility of inter-species contact. It has been adapted into two feature movies, and translated to tens of languages.
Plot summary
Unspecified future. A remote planet of Solaris has been discovered by humankind few dozens years ago, and has been subject to extensive research ever since. This is due to the fact, that the planet is entirely covered with ocean, which is very different from any known water reservuar. For example, it has the ability to create large solid structures, that emerge from it with no apparent reason, subsequently dissapearing without a trace. Thus, majority of Earth's scientists believe, that the Ocean is, or could be interpreted as, an intelligent lifeform.
To facilitate the research over Solarian Ocean, a space station has been placed on platet's low orbit, as an outpost for numerous scientific expeditions from Earth. However, over the decades, despite the immense growth of solaristics and tons of articles and books written, full understanding of planet's phenomenon remains out of reach. Thus, interest in the space station and Solaris itself starts to diminish, even though the number of oddities and wonders caused by the Ocean awaits unexplained. For example, a classified report by pilot Berton, who, on a routine flight over the Ocean, witnesses a bizzare set of Ocean-created tructures. Earth sends one last scientist, psychologist Kris Kelvin, on a nearly deserted space station, inhabited now only by three remaining researchers: Snaut, Sartorius and Gibarian. Kelvin's mission is to assess crew's ability to continue the research, thus enabling any decisions of station's fate. The plot begins with Kelvin arriving on the station, only to confront that crewmembers are frightened of him for unknonwn reason, and some of them cannot be found.
As the plot unravels, Kelvin experiences the selfsame phantasmagoria his crewmates do, only to confront the unkown the Ocean is, and, as a representative of entire humankind, face the impotence of contact.
Characters
- Kris Kelvin - main protagonist
- Harey - Kelvin's wife
- Snaut ("The Rat")
- Sartorius
- Gibarian
- Berton
Background
Main themes
Literary significance and critical reaction
Language
Narrative style
Adaptations
See also
Footnotes
References
External links
Editions
- Solaris Russian AST 2022
- Solaris Japanese Hayakawa 1965
- Solaris Ukrainian Navchalna Knycha-Bohdan 2017 HF
- Solaris Ukrainian Knyha-Bohdan 2016
- Solaris Polish WL 2002 (1)
- Solaris Polish Świat Książki 1997
- Solaris Polish WL 2003 soft
- Solaris Polish WL 2003
- Solaris Japanese Hayakawa 1968
- Solaris French Denoël 2017
- Solaris Korean Minumsa 2022
- Solaris Esperanto Bjalistoka Esperanto-Societo 2021
- Solaris Catalan Kalandraka 2022
- Solaris German Insel 1984
- Solaris Spanish Minotauro 2001 soft
- Star Diaries German Deutschen Bücherbundes 1973
- Solaris German Claassen 1997
- Solaris German Claassen 1981
- Solaris German Volk und Welt 1983
- Solaris German Bertelsmann Club 1972
- Solaris German Buch und Medien 2003
- Solaris German Neuen Kaiser 1981
- Solaris German Marion von Schröder 1972
- Solaris German Marion von Schröder 1974
- Solaris Portuguese Antigona 2021
- Solaris Slovak Ikar 2021
- Solaris Chinese Yilin Press 2021
- Solaris Georgian Sulakauri 2018
- Solaris Arabic Al-Karma 2021
- Solaris Bulgarian Colibri 2021
- Solaris Italian Palermo 2013
- Solaris Ukrainian Navchalna Knyha-Bohdan 2017-2
- Solaris Portuguese Aleph 2021
- Solaris Portuguese Antigona 2018
- Solaris Czech Albatros Media 2020
- Solaris Romanian Nemira 2018
- Solaris Russian AST 2020
- Solaris Portuguese Editora Aleph 2017
- Solaris Lithuanian Kitos Knygos 2017
- Solaris Lithuanian Kitos Knygos 2014
- Solaris Russian AST 2018
- Solaris Ukrainian Navchalna Knyha-Bohdan 2017
- Solaris Russian AST 2017 (1)
- Solaris Polish WL 2016
- Solaris Russian AST 2017
- Solaris Hungarian Európa 2016
- Solaris Polish Mediasat 2004
- Solaris Macedonian Antolog 2016
- Solaris English Faber and Faber 2016
- Solaris Romanian Nemira 2014
- Solaris Russian AST 2015
- Solaris Japanese Hayakawa 2015
- Solaris Japanese Hayakawa 2010
- Solaris Azerbaijani East-West 2011
- Solaris Antares Armenian 2014
- Solaris Polish Stereo Style 2009
- Solaris Czech Leda 2014
- Solaris Romanian Paladin 2014
- Solaris Czech Tympanum 2014
- Solaris Serbian IKC Solaris 2014
- Solaris Spanish Edhasa 2014
- Solaris English Cyfrant 2014
- Anthropocentric fallacy
- Solaris (Planet)
- Timolis
- Berton
- Solaris Polish Tasso 1993
- Solaris Georgian Sulakauri 2014
- Solaris Chinese Flower City Publishing House 2014
- Solaris Sellerio Italian 2013
- Solaris Latvian Laikraksta Diena 2006
- Solaris German List 2014
- Solaris Dutch Lannoo 2010
- Solaris Russian AST 2014
- Solaris Turkish İletişim 2014
- Solaris Japanese Hayakawa 1978
- Solaris Japanese Hayakawa 1995
- Solaris Polish Cyfrant 2012
- Solaris Russian Rudomino 2011
- Solaris Russian AST 2011 (6)
- Solaris Russian AST 2012 (1)
- Solaris Russian AST 2011 (5)
- Solaris Italian Mondadori 2012
- Solaris Polish WL 2012
- Solaris English Prometheus 1984
- Solaris Russian AST 2012
- Solaris Polish MON 1963
- Solaris Spanish Minotauro 2008
- Solaris Estonian Eesti Raamat 1989
- Solaris German Heyne 2002
- Solaris Bulgarian Narodna Kultura 1965
- Solaris Bulgarian Otechestvo 1977
- Solaris Bulgarian Narodna Mladezh 1988
- Solaris Bulgarian Otechestvo 1980
- Solaris Greek Potamos 2011
- Solaris French Denoël 2010
- Solaris Turkish Kavram 1995
- Solaris Slovenian Polica Dubova 2010 soft
- Solaris English Faber and Faber 2003
- Solaris English Faber and Faber 2001
- Solaris English PDP 2011
- Solaris Polish WL 1994
- Solaris Polish Iskry 1982
- Solaris Polish Czytelnik 1974
- Solaris Polish Interart 1995
- Solaris Polish MON 1962
- Solaris German Suhrkamp 1978
- Solaris German Suhrkamp 1975
- Solaris German DTV 1998
- Solaris German DTV 1995
- Solaris German DTV 1983
- Solaris Polish MON 1961
- Solaris Japanese Kokusho Kankōkai 2004
- Solaris German Volk und Welt 1983 (buch club)
- Solaris Japanese Hayakawa 1977
- Solaris Hungarian Szukits 2005
- Solaris Hungarian Magyar Könyvklub 1994
- Solaris Hungarian Magvető 2004
- Solaris Hungarian Kriterion 1977
- Solaris Hungarian Európa 1968
- Solaris Persian Faryab 1985
- Solaris: film 2002
- Solaris Swedish Bernces 1973 soft
- Solaris Swedish Bernces 1973
- Solaris Swedish Brombergs 1988
- Solaris Swedish Brombergs 2002
- Solaris Swedish Brombergs 1984
- Solaris Polish WL 1976
- Solaris Romanian Stiinta si Tehnica 1967
- Solaris Romanian Savas 1993
- Solaris Romanian Dacia 1974
- Solaris Ukrainian Kalvarija 2005
- Solaris Ukrainian Molod́ 1987
- Solaris Lithuanian Vaga 1978
- Solaris Moldavian Literatura artistika 1981
- Solaris Korean Woongjin Thinkbig 2008 soft
- Solaris Korean Woongjin Thinkbig 2008
- Solaris Dutch Het Spectrum 1984
- Solaris Dutch Het Spectrum 1972
- Solaris Slovak Osveta 1964
- Solaris Serbian Kojot 2003
- Solaris Serbian Beogradski izdavacko-graficki zavod 1972
- Solaris Latvian Liesma 1970
- Solaris Croatian AGM 2004
- Solaris Serbo-Croatian Prosveta 1988
- Solaris Chinese Muses 2010
- Solaris Albanian Berat Uegen 1996
- Solaris Chinese Commercial Press 2005
- Solaris Portuguese Círculo do Livro 1986
- Solaris Portuguese Francisco Alvez 1984
- Solaris Portuguese Relume Sabiá 1971
- Solaris Portuguese Relume Dumará 2003
- Solaris Portuguese Europa-América 2003
- Solaris Portuguese Europa-América 1983
- Solaris Norwegian Gyldendal 1974
- Solaris Hebrew Hyperion 1981
- Solaris Hebrew Keter 2002
- Solaris Greek Potamos 2003
- Solaris Greek Kaktos 1978
- Solaris Georgian Nakaduli 1979
- Solaris Italian Mondadori 2003
- Solaris Italian Mondadori 2005
- Solaris Italian Editrice Nord 1978
- Solaris Italian Editrice Nord 1973
- Solaris Italian Mondadori 1982
- Solaris Polish WL 1986
- Solaris Italian Mondadori 1990
- Solaris Italian Mondadori 2004
- Solaris Belorussian Mastatskaya litaratura 1994
- Solaris Russian AST 2011 (4)
- Solaris Russian AST 2011 (3)
- Solaris Russian AST 2011 (2)
- Solaris Russian AST 2011 (1)
- Solaris Russian AST 2011
- Solaris Russian AST 2010 (3)
- Solaris Russian AST 2010 (2)
- Solaris Russian AST 2010 (1)
- Solaris Russian AST 2010
- Solaris Russian AST 2009 (2)
- Solaris Russian AST 2009 (1)
- Solaris Russian AST 2009
- Solaris Russian AST 2008 (2)
- Solaris Russian AST 2008 (1)
- Solaris Russian AST 2008
- Solaris Russian AST 2007 (3)
- Solaris Russian AST 2007 (2)
- Solaris Russian AST 2007 (1)
- Solaris Russian AST 2007
- Solaris Russian AST 2006 (1)
- Solaris Russian AST 2006
- Solaris Russian AST 2005 (1)
- Solaris Russian AST 2005
- Solaris Russian AST 2003 (2)
- Solaris Russian AST 2003 (1)
- Solaris Spanish Minotauro 2006
- Solaris Russian AST 2002 (1)
- Solaris Russian AST 2002
- Solaris Russian AST 2003
- Solaris Russian AST 2001
- Solaris French Denoël 1999